Abstract: National Mobility Card is India’s attempt to create a unified and interoperable mobility payment system through National Common Mobility Card (NCMC). The rollout of NCMC remains uneven across states in India despite its policy significance. The study finds out the current status and challenges of NCMC. It then compares NCMC with global mobility systems in London, Seoul, and Singapore. Finally, the researchers propose a conceptual framework to improve implementation of NCMC throughout India. The reasons for low implementation of NCMC in India are low user awareness, lack of fare capping, fragmented governance, and legacy Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) infrastructure. In contrast, there is strong mobile integration, centralized planning, high interoperability, and unified fare structures in Singapore’s SimplyGo, London’s Oyster/contactless model, and Seoul’s T-money Based on the global standards, a three-pillar conceptual framework, based on technology and interoperability, financial and pricing models, and access and adoption, was proposed by the researcher for strengthening policy and system design. This conceptual framework will help in achieving interoperability, enhance financial sustainability, and promote inclusive adoption of NCMC across India.